Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine?

The absorption of digested food mainly occurs in the small intestine due to its specialized structure and functions. The small intestine has a large surface area, thanks to its numerous finger-like projections called villi and microvilli, which significantly increase the area available for absorption. Additionally, the small intestine is lined with epithelial cells that contain various transporters and enzymes necessary for nutrient absorption. The slow movement of chyme through the small intestine allows for thorough digestion and optimal absorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, ensuring efficient nutrient uptake for the body's metabolic processes.