Nasser’s Three Circles theory, proposed by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the 1950s and 1960s, outlines Egypt’s foreign policy framework based on three concentric […]
Identity wars, also known as identity-based conflicts, refer to conflicts driven by deep-seated differences in identity, including ethnicity, religion, nationality, language, and culture. These conflicts […]
Interstate displacement, also known as cross-border displacement or refugee flows, refers to the movement of people across international borders due to conflict, persecution, natural disasters, […]
The Marxist approach to International Relations (IR) is a theoretical perspective rooted in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which seeks to understand […]
Feminist theory in International Relations (IR) is a critical and interdisciplinary approach that challenges traditional assumptions, power dynamics, and gender biases in the study and […]
Environmental approaches refer to theoretical frameworks and practical strategies aimed at addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainability. These approaches encompass a wide range of perspectives, […]
Orientalism, a term coined by literary scholar Edward Said in his seminal work “Orientalism” published in 1978, refers to the Western academic and cultural tradition […]
Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon characterized by the increasing interconnectedness, integration, and interdependence of economies, societies, cultures, and politics across national borders. It is driven […]
The uneven international economic system refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, resources, and economic opportunities among nations, leading to disparities in development, standards of […]
The impact of science and technology on military affairs has been profound and transformative throughout history, shaping the nature of warfare, defense capabilities, and strategic […]
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