Pre Historic Phases, Stone Age, Primary Culture, Major Sites (Locations) and Importance

Pre Historic Phases, Stone Age, Primary Culture, Major Sites (Locations) and Importance for Competitive Exams.

Stone Age Primary Culture Major Sites Importance
Lower Palaeolithic Flakes, Chopper Chopping Culture
  • Kashmir, Punjab, Whole India Except Sind and Kerala.
  • Main: Sohan (Punjab), Singrauli Basin (U.P.), Chotanagpur (Jharkhand), Assam, Narmada, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
  • Pebble and hand axe tools, fossil of home erectus from hathnora (Narmada Basin)
  • Represented by Sohan Culture (now in Pakistan)
Middle Palaeolithic Scraper / Borer Culture Nevasa (Maharashtra), Didwana (Rajasthan), Bhimbetka (M.P.), Bankura and Purulia (West Bengal), Narmada Valley etc.
  • Varieties of Blades, Points, Borer and Scraper made of Flakes.
  • 200 rock shelters and caves are located on Bhimbetka hills having thousands of paintings
  • The age of Neanderthal Man
Upper Palaeolithic Blade and Burin Culture A.P. (Kurnool, Chittor) Karnataka, Central MP, Jharkhand Plateau, U.P., Rajasthan, Gujarat
  • Earlier “Homo Sapiens”
  • Harpoon, blade tools from Renugupta (AP)
  • Bone tools from Kurnool
Mesolithic Age Microliths Culture or Fluting & Geometrical tools Karnataka, Rajasthan (Bagor, Tilwara), Gujarat (Langhnaj), M.P., T.N., W. Bengal (Birbhanpur), U.P. (Sarai Nahar Rai)
  • Microlith (a great technological development, introduction of compound tools)
  • Man still a savage but pottery making (Tilwara) and permanent habitation found, still a hunter, fisher
Neolithic Age Polished Tool Culture Mehargarh, Peninsular India, Kashmir (Burzahom, Gufkral), Assam (Daojili Hading), Garohill Meghalaya, Bihar (Chirand), Kotdiji, Amri etc.
  • Earliest farming community
  • Kinship became the basis of social organisation
  • Pit dwelling houses (Burzahom)
  • Food began to be cooked  by fire
  • Evidence dogs, circular huts made of bamboo, bone tools, hand made pottery etc.
  • Also called “Neolitchi Revolution”
  • Boat making, spinning cotton and wool
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